7 Answers
Zaid is the short summer season between rabi harvest and kharif sowing, roughly March to June, and works only with assured irrigation because of the heat. Good quick zaid crops are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, pumpkin and other summer vegetables, plus summer moong (a short pulse that also fixes nitrogen) and fodder crops. Cucurbits and melons fetch good prices in summer demand and mature fast. Manage water carefully with drip or mulching to cut evaporation, and protect against heat and pests. Summer moong after wheat is popular in Bihar and the IGP as a bonus crop that improves soil. Choose short-duration varieties and ensure you can irrigate through the hottest weeks. Confirm local recommendations and water availability first.
Summer moong after wheat works very well for us in Bihar. It is a short crop, gives a bit of extra income, and leaves the soil richer for the next paddy. Get good short duration seed from your KVK and it fits neatly in the gap.
Watermelon and muskmelon can be very rewarding in the summer heat, but they are thirsty and the price can swing a lot when many farmers sell at once. Use mulching and drip to save water, and have a buyer or nearby town market in mind. Do not plant a large melon area on borrowed money for your first try.
Drip plus plastic mulch made the biggest difference for my summer cucumber and bottle gourd. It cut my watering by a lot and kept weeds down in the heat. The mulch costs money upfront but in zaid, where water is the limiting factor, it usually pays back in the same season.
Quick summer vegetables like bottle gourd, bitter gourd and cucumber sell well in the local town market because everyone wants fresh veg in the heat. I grow a small mix rather than one crop so that if one variety floods the market I still earn from the others. Sell early in the morning when rates are best.
Honest caution: zaid is the riskiest season because everything depends on water and the heat is brutal on plants and on labour. If your borewell or canal supply is not certain through May and June, it is better to rest the land or grow a short hardy fodder than to lose money on a thirsty melon crop. Be realistic about your water.
On income, do not expect big returns from a small zaid plot. For us it is a bonus on top of the main two seasons, not the main earner. Summer moong adds a little cash and improves the soil, and a few rows of vegetables cover home needs and some local sale. Treat it as a useful extra and verify current vegetable rates in your town before planting a large area.