The underside of my sugarcane leaves has white fluffy waxy patches and tiny hopping insects, and the lower leaves and cane are sticky and black with sooty mould. Leaves are drying from the tips. Wet warm weather. Maharashtra. What is this and how do I control it?
3 Answers
White fluffy waxy patches and small hopping insects on the leaf underside, with sticky leaves and black sooty mould and tip drying, is the Pyrilla and woolly aphid sucking pest complex on sugarcane, which builds up in warm humid weather. They suck sap and excrete honeydew that grows the black sooty mould, and the mould blocks photosynthesis, so juice quality and sugar recovery fall even where the cane survives. The good news is that natural enemies usually bring these pests down on their own if you do not disturb them. The parasitoid Epiricania for Pyrilla and predators and parasitoids of woolly aphid are very effective, so avoid blanket insecticide sprays that kill these helpers and cause the pest to flare back worse. Detrash and remove the lower dry affected leaves to reduce the pest and open the canopy. Avoid excess nitrogen and waterlogging that favour build up. Only on a severe early outbreak where natural enemies are absent, use a recommended insecticide as a spot treatment, following label dose and PHI. Confirm the pest and whether biocontrol is active in your field with your KVK or Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune.
In our belt the Epiricania parasitoid clears Pyrilla every year if we leave it alone. The farmers who panic sprayed actually had it come back worse because they killed the helpers.
Detrashing the lower dry leaves reduced both the pest and the sooty mould for me, and the cane breathed better. It is free, just labour.