Amrapali Mango Farming in India 2026
IARI's dwarf high yield hybrid ideal for high density planting and small farms
Overview
Amrapali is a dwarf hybrid mango developed in 1971 at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi by crossing Dasheri and Neelum. It is famous for its compact dwarf tree, regular bearing, attractive deep red ripe fruit and rich sweet pulp with very high carotene. Because the tree is small it allows very close planting, making it one of the best varieties for high density orchards and small farms across India. Amrapali is grown widely in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and many other states. It comes late in the season and combines good eating quality with strong commercial appeal, giving early returns from compact plantings, which is why it is a popular choice for new growers and intensive orchards.
Climate
Amrapali suits a subtropical to tropical climate with hot summers and a dry spell at flowering, and it adapts well across much of India. It needs warm sunny weather for ripening and a frost free site. Being a regular bearer it crops more reliably than many traditional varieties, but unseasonal rain at flowering and fruiting still reduces set and raises disease.
Soil
Amrapali grows well on deep, fertile, well drained loamy and alluvial soils with a pH around 6.0 to 7.5, and tolerates a range of soils because of its rootstock. Good moisture holding with drainage supports its dense cropping. As with all mangoes it dislikes waterlogging, so well drained land and drip irrigation give the best results in high density orchards.
Planting & Spacing
Amrapali is propagated by grafting and is the classic high density variety. Thanks to its dwarf habit it can be planted very close, commonly around 2.5 by 2.5 metres, giving roughly sixteen hundred trees per hectare, far more than traditional orchards. Planting is at the onset of monsoon in manure filled pits. Regular pruning keeps the compact canopy open and productive, and drip fertigation supports the dense stand.
Varieties
Amrapali is itself an IARI hybrid of Dasheri and Neelum and is not a regional GI variety, but a scientifically bred cultivar grown nationwide. Its main appeal is dwarf regular bearing for high density planting. It is often discussed alongside its IARI sibling Mallika, which is larger and mid season. There are improved selections and good nursery clones, so buyers should source true to type grafts from reputable nurseries.
Care & Management
Amrapali needs balanced manuring with farmyard manure and NPK through drip, regular irrigation because the dense stand has high demand, and annual pruning to keep the small canopy open and productive. Because it bears heavily and regularly, good nutrition prevents exhaustion. Flowering management and timely protection of panicles from hopper and powdery mildew help maintain its reliable cropping.
Pests & Diseases
Amrapali faces mango hopper at flowering, mealybug, fruit fly and stem borer, with powdery mildew and anthracnose in humid weather. The dense high density canopy needs good airflow to limit disease. Manage hopper with recommended sprays at panicle stage, use methyl eugenol traps and remove fallen fruit for fruit fly, band trunks for mealybug, and apply wettable sulphur with good pruning and sanitation for fungal disease.
Yield & Harvest
Amrapali is prized for early returns, often starting to bear within about 2 to 3 years of planting and giving good yields by year 4 to 5 in high density orchards. It is a late season variety, ripening around July, with deep red fruit. High density Amrapali can give strong per acre yields from its many trees. Yields still vary with management and weather, so treat figures as a range.
Cost & Profit
Amrapali is one of the most economically attractive mangoes for new and intensive growers because of its dwarf habit, early bearing and high per acre yield from many trees. Saplings are inexpensive. Income builds faster than traditional varieties but depends on grade, market timing and management of the dense stand. Treat all figures as a range, and remember high density needs higher input and pruning discipline.
These are indicative ranges. Actual cost and income vary by region, market and management, so verify locally.
Market & Demand
Amrapali has a good domestic market as a late season table mango with attractive red colour and high carotene. It is sold in mandis, retail and online, and its high pulp suits processing and juice. Its late timing and steady supply from regular bearing trees help marketing. Buyers include mandis, retailers, online sellers and processors, with quality grading raising returns.
Subsidy & Support
Amrapali is well suited to MIDH and National Horticulture Board support for high density planting, which specifically encourages close spacing systems, along with drip irrigation, mulching and post harvest units. State horticulture schemes promote high density mango orchards. Assistance is a share of approved cost through the state horticulture department, so apply before planting and keep all bills and records.
Where to grow it in India
Frequently asked questions
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How many Amrapali trees can be planted per hectare?
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