What is the recommended NPK and timing for a good onion bulb crop?
3 Answers
Onion is a shallow rooted, heavy feeder that responds well to balanced nutrition and organic matter. A common recommendation is around 100 to 110 kg N, 50 kg P2O5 and 50 to 80 kg K2O per hectare, but follow your state package and a soil test. Apply full phosphorus and potash and about one third nitrogen as basal at transplanting, then split the remaining nitrogen into top dressings at about 30 and 45 to 50 days after transplanting. Stop nitrogen by about 60 days, since late nitrogen delays maturity, gives thick necks and poor storage. Add 15 to 20 tonnes of well rotted FYM, and sulphur improves pungency and quality. Potash is important for bulb size and storage life. Use your Soil Health Card to fine tune the exact dose for your field.
The single best change I made was stopping nitrogen early. When I top dressed urea late hoping for bigger bulbs, I got thick necks and the lot rotted in storage. Cutting off nitrogen by around two months fixed the keeping quality.
Here in Gujarat sulphur made a clear difference to pungency and bulb quality on my sandy soil. Do not skip it. And get the soil tested at least once before deciding the full dose, the recommendation is just a starting point.