Agriculture in Villupuram District: East Coast Plains and Hills
Tamil Nadu falls mainly in the East Coast Plains and Hills agro-climatic zone (hot humid, 780-1300mm of rain a year across the zone), where deltaic rice bowls (Kaveri, Godavari, Mahanadi) with coconut and chilli is typical. Soils in this zone are mostly alluvial coastal and red loam soil. Crops commonly grown across the zone include Rice (Paddy), Sugarcane, Groundnut, Coconut, chilli, oilseeds.
These are zone-level facts (ICAR / Planning Commission agro-climatic classification), not a crop census of Villupuram itself. What actually trades in Villupuram's own mandis is listed below. Villupuram's own month-by-month rainfall and temperatures are in the climate section.
Crop Calendar for the East Coast Plains and Hills
| Crop | Season & Window | All-India rate (3 October 2026) |
|---|---|---|
| 🍚 Rice (Paddy) | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Oct-Nov) | ₹3,680/qtl |
| 🎋 Sugarcane | Plant: Feb-Mar (spring) or Oct-Nov (autumn), Harvest: 10-12 months | ₹350/qtl |
| 🥜 Groundnut | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Oct-Nov) | ₹6,913/qtl |
| 🥥 Coconut | Year-round perennial (peak: Nov-Jan) | ₹5,550/qtl |
| chilli | Local seasonal crop | - |
| oilseeds | Local seasonal crop | - |
Soil, Water & Irrigation
Drip and sprinkler subsidies (45-90%) and a solar pump cut water and power costs. Because soils vary field to field inside a zone, a free soil health card is the only reliable guide to what your own plot needs.
Mandi Prices in Villupuram
These are the crops actually trading in Villupuram's markets (Tindivanam APMC, Avalurpet APMC, Ulundurpettai APMC, Manalurpet APMC and 4 more), with the modal price per quintal reported on 1 June 2026:
| Commodity | Min | Max | Modal Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Onion Green | ₹5,000 | ₹6,000 | ₹5,650 |
| Thondekai | ₹3,500 | ₹5,000 | ₹4,125 |
| Snakeguard | ₹3,000 | ₹5,000 | ₹3,875 |
| Chikoos(Sapota) | ₹6,000 | ₹6,000 | ₹6,000 |
| Paddy(Common) | ₹1,693 | ₹2,787 | ₹2,002 |
| Amaranthus | ₹2,000 | ₹5,000 | ₹3,667 |
| Coconut | ₹3,000 | ₹6,000 | ₹5,000 |
| Raddish | ₹3,600 | ₹4,000 | ₹3,867 |
| Mango(Raw-Ripe) | ₹2,000 | ₹2,500 | ₹2,167 |
| Banana | ₹3,000 | ₹10,000 | ₹5,167 |
Source: Agmarknet daily arrivals for Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, as of 1 June 2026.
What Villupuram Actually Grows: Official Crop Statistics
In 2024-25, Villupuram's largest crops by area were Rice (Paddy), Urad (Black Gram), Groundnut. Rice (Paddy) alone covered 94,150 ha (57% of the area under the crops listed below), with a yield of 3,164 kg/ha, 4% below the Tamil Nadu average. The biggest shifts since 2019-20: Maize (Corn) area -93%, Bajra (Pearl Millet) area -73%.
| Crop | Area (ha) | Production (tonnes) | Yield (kg/ha) | Tamil Nadu avg yield | Area change since 2019-20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice (Paddy) | 94,150 | 2,97,868 | 3,164 | 3,305 | -42% |
| Urad (Black Gram) | 28,080 | 23,342 | 831 | 470 | -67% |
| Groundnut | 18,399 | 47,664 | 2,591 | 2,294 | -55% |
| Sugarcane | 12,242 | 10,67,413 | 87,190 | 1,02,001 | -64% |
| Bajra (Pearl Millet) | 9,880 | 29,748 | 3,011 | 2,652 | -73% |
| Maize (Corn) | 1,406 | 7,797 | 5,544 | 5,489 | -93% |
| Sesame (Til) | 747 | 392 | 525 | 505 | -93% |
| Ragi (Finger Millet) | 259 | 974 | 3,765 | 3,765 | -81% |
| Moong (Green Gram) | 182 | 79 | 434 | 431 | -89% |
| Cotton | 77 | 166 | 367 | 2,037 | -99% |
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt of India (final estimates), via UPAg. Field crops only - vegetables, fruit and spices are counted separately. Tamil Nadu average = sum of the state's district estimates.
Climate & Sowing Windows in Villupuram
Villupuram receives about 1088 mm of rain in an average year, 35% of it in June-September. The wettest month is November (243 mm). Days are hottest in April (average high 37°C) and nights coolest in January (average low 19°C).
- Unusually for India, 52% of Villupuram's rain falls in October-December from the north-east monsoon, so the main cropping calendar follows that season rather than June sowing.
- January days still average 29°C, too warm for wheat to yield well; the cool season suits warm-tolerant pulses, oilseeds and vegetables better.
| Month | Rain (mm) | Avg high | Avg low |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 16 | 29° | 19° |
| February | 8 | 32° | 19° |
| March | 18 | 35° | 22° |
| April | 31 | 37° | 25° |
| May | 72 | 37° | 26° |
| June | 56 | 36° | 26° |
| July | 82 | 35° | 25° |
| August | 114 | 34° | 24° |
| September | 128 | 33° | 24° |
| October | 216 | 31° | 23° |
| November | 243 | 29° | 22° |
| December | 104 | 28° | 20° |
Source: NASA POWER long-term monthly averages (satellite and model based, so they can understate rain on coasts and hills) for the centre of Villupuram district (11.9402, 79.4976). These are normals, not a forecast for any one year; for this week see the farm weather forecast.
For Villupuram Farmers: Solar Pumps & Tractors
Districts Near Villupuram
Before you sell, compare mandis in neighbouring districts too (straight-line distance between district centres):
- Cuddalore - 50 km
- Kallakurichi - 52 km
- Tiruvannamalai - 77 km
- Mayiladuthurai - 86 km
- Ariyalur - 91 km
- Perambalur - 95 km
Land records and Farmer ID in Tamil Nadu
Government Schemes for Villupuram Farmers
Farmers in Villupuram are eligible for PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, Kisan Credit Card, Soil Health Card Scheme, PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, eNAM - National Agriculture Market and more. For Villupuram's rice growers, crop insurance, KCC and irrigation subsidies are the priority. Apply at the Villupuram district agriculture office, a CSC, or online via the Subsidy Finder.