What is the yield and price range for large cardamom and how do I control viral diseases?

Large cardamom dry yield is modest, often roughly 100 to 300 kg per hectare in good well managed plantations, lower where plantations are old or virus hit, so treat as a range. Prices have been high and variable, often several hundred to over a thousand rupees per kg in recent years, check current Spices Board and mandi rates. The biggest threat is viral disease, mainly chirke and foorkey, which spread through aphids and infected planting material and slowly kill old plantations. Control means using healthy disease free suckers, removing and destroying infected clumps early, managing aphids, and replanting old plantations on a cycle. Many income problems here come from neglected virus hit fields, so disease management directly protects your price.