Agriculture in South 24 Parganas District: Lower Gangetic Plains
West Bengal falls mainly in the Lower Gangetic Plains agro-climatic zone (hot humid subtropical, 1300-1600mm of rain a year across the zone), where rice-jute belt of the Ganga delta with intensive cropping is typical. Soils in this zone are mostly alluvial, deltaic and red-laterite soil. Crops commonly grown across the zone include Rice (Paddy), Jute, Potato, oilseeds, vegetables, pulses.
These are zone-level facts (ICAR / Planning Commission agro-climatic classification), not a crop census of South 24 Parganas itself. South 24 Parganas's own month-by-month rainfall and temperatures are in the climate section.
Crop Calendar for the Lower Gangetic Plains
| Crop | Season & Window | All-India rate (3 October 2026) |
|---|---|---|
| 🍚 Rice (Paddy) | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Oct-Nov) | ₹3,680/qtl |
| 🌿 Jute | Kharif (Sow: Mar-Apr, Harvest: Jul-Sep) | ₹13,600/qtl |
| 🥔 Potato | Rabi (Sow: Oct-Nov, Harvest: Jan-Mar) | ₹1,000/qtl |
| oilseeds | Local seasonal crop | - |
| vegetables | Local seasonal crop | - |
| pulses | Local seasonal crop | - |
Soil, Water & Irrigation
Drip and sprinkler subsidies (45-90%) and a solar pump cut water and power costs. Because soils vary field to field inside a zone, a free soil health card is the only reliable guide to what your own plot needs.
What South 24 Parganas Actually Grows: Official Crop Statistics
In 2024-25, South 24 Parganas's largest crops by area were Rice (Paddy), Moong (Green Gram), Sunflower. Rice (Paddy) alone covered 4,48,675 ha (88% of the area under the crops listed below), with a yield of 2,781 kg/ha, 3% below the West Bengal average. The biggest shifts since 2019-20: Sunflower area -34%.
| Crop | Area (ha) | Production (tonnes) | Yield (kg/ha) | West Bengal avg yield | Area change since 2019-20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice (Paddy) | 4,48,675 | 12,47,959 | 2,781 | 2,865 | +7% |
| Moong (Green Gram) | 49,347 | 41,474 | 840 | 875 | +11% |
| Sunflower | 4,168 | 4,705 | 1,129 | 1,150 | -34% |
| Mustard (Rapeseed) | 3,964 | 6,157 | 1,553 | 1,250 | -14% |
| Sesame (Til) | 2,617 | 3,694 | 1,412 | 1,014 | -3% |
| Masur (Lentil) | 691 | 697 | 1,009 | 915 | -28% |
| Jute | 570 | 15,527 | 4,903 | 16,378 | -15% |
| Urad (Black Gram) | 451 | 306 | 679 | 742 | -23% |
| Maize (Corn) | 433 | 3,229 | 7,460 | 6,999 | -43% |
| Sugarcane | 137 | 7,016 | 51,213 | 66,580 | +154% |
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt of India (final estimates), via UPAg. Field crops only - vegetables, fruit and spices are counted separately. West Bengal average = sum of the state's district estimates.
Climate & Sowing Windows in South 24 Parganas
South 24 Parganas receives about 1831 mm of rain in an average year, 72% of it in June-September. The wettest month is July (403 mm). Days are hottest in April (average high 35°C) and nights coolest in January (average low 13°C).
- Rain typically first crosses 100 mm a month in May, the usual cue for kharif sowing here.
- At about 1831 mm a year, water is plentiful in season; field drainage matters as much as irrigation, and paddy and plantation crops suit the climate.
| Month | Rain (mm) | Avg high | Avg low |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 13 | 25° | 13° |
| February | 23 | 30° | 17° |
| March | 33 | 33° | 22° |
| April | 55 | 35° | 26° |
| May | 155 | 34° | 27° |
| June | 270 | 31° | 28° |
| July | 403 | 30° | 27° |
| August | 364 | 30° | 27° |
| September | 288 | 30° | 26° |
| October | 182 | 30° | 24° |
| November | 35 | 28° | 19° |
| December | 10 | 25° | 14° |
Source: NASA POWER long-term monthly averages (satellite and model based, so they can understate rain on coasts and hills) for the centre of South 24 Parganas district (22.1777, 88.5308). These are normals, not a forecast for any one year; for this week see the farm weather forecast.
For South 24 Parganas Farmers: Solar Pumps & Tractors
Districts Near South 24 Parganas
Before you sell, compare mandis in neighbouring districts too (straight-line distance between district centres):
- Kolkata - 43 km
- North 24 Parganas - 59 km
- Howrah - 62 km
- Purba Medinipur - 72 km
- Hooghly - 97 km
- Paschim Medinipur - 117 km
Land records and Farmer ID in West Bengal
Government Schemes for South 24 Parganas Farmers
Farmers in South 24 Parganas are eligible for PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, Kisan Credit Card, Soil Health Card Scheme, PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, eNAM - National Agriculture Market and more. For South 24 Parganas's rice growers, crop insurance, KCC and irrigation subsidies are the priority. Apply at the South 24 Parganas district agriculture office, a CSC, or online via the Subsidy Finder.