Agriculture in Panna District: Central Plateau and Hills
Madhya Pradesh falls mainly in the Central Plateau and Hills agro-climatic zone (semi-arid to subhumid, 500-1300mm of rain a year across the zone), where Malwa-Bundelkhand black-soil belt led by soybean and pulses is typical. Soils in this zone are mostly black (vertisol), mixed red and black soil. Crops commonly grown across the zone include Soybean, Wheat, Gram (Chana), Sorghum Fodder, Cotton, Garlic, Coriander (Dhaniya).
These are zone-level facts (ICAR / Planning Commission agro-climatic classification), not a crop census of Panna itself. What actually trades in Panna's own mandis is listed below. Panna's own month-by-month rainfall and temperatures are in the climate section.
Crop Calendar for the Central Plateau and Hills
| Crop | Season & Window | All-India rate (3 October 2026) |
|---|---|---|
| 🫘 Soybean | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Sep-Nov) | ₹5,650/qtl |
| 🌾 Wheat | Rabi (Sow: Oct-Nov, Harvest: Mar-Apr) | ₹2,604/qtl |
| 🫘 Gram (Chana) | Rabi (Sow: Oct-Nov, Harvest: Feb-Mar) | ₹6,650/qtl |
| 🌾 Sorghum Fodder | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Sep-Oct) | ₹3,500/qtl |
| 🪴 Cotton | Kharif (Sow: Apr-Jun, Pick: Oct-Jan) | ₹8,250/qtl |
| 🧄 Garlic | Rabi (Sow: Oct-Nov, Harvest: Feb-Apr) | ₹16,500/qtl |
| 🌿 Coriander (Dhaniya) | Rabi (Sow: Oct-Nov, Harvest: Feb-Mar) | ₹5,500/qtl |
Soil, Water & Irrigation
Drip and sprinkler subsidies (45-90%) and a solar pump cut water and power costs. Because soils vary field to field inside a zone, a free soil health card is the only reliable guide to what your own plot needs.
Mandi Prices in Panna
These are the crops actually trading in Panna's markets (Ajaygarh APMC, Panna APMC, Pawai APMC, Devandranagar APMC), with the modal price per quintal reported on 1 June 2026:
| Commodity | Min | Max | Modal Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wheat | ₹2,200 | ₹2,450 | ₹2,356 |
| Mahua | ₹2,200 | ₹2,220 | ₹2,220 |
| Green Peas | ₹3,500 | ₹3,520 | ₹3,520 |
| Bengal Gram(Gram)(Whole) | ₹5,600 | ₹5,605 | ₹5,600 |
Source: Agmarknet daily arrivals for Panna, Madhya Pradesh, as of 1 June 2026.
What Panna Actually Grows: Official Crop Statistics
In 2024-25, Panna's largest crops by area were Rice (Paddy), Wheat, Urad (Black Gram). Rice (Paddy) alone covered 1,36,110 ha (33% of the area under the crops listed below), with a yield of 2,037 kg/ha, 13% below the Madhya Pradesh average. The biggest shifts since 2019-20: Mustard (Rapeseed) area +140%, Masur (Lentil) area +111%.
| Crop | Area (ha) | Production (tonnes) | Yield (kg/ha) | Madhya Pradesh avg yield | Area change since 2019-20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice (Paddy) | 1,36,110 | 2,77,298 | 2,037 | 2,338 | +74% |
| Wheat | 1,15,687 | 3,35,364 | 2,899 | 3,143 | -21% |
| Urad (Black Gram) | 44,850 | 29,239 | 652 | 723 | -61% |
| Gram (Chana) | 31,224 | 48,589 | 1,556 | 1,543 | -57% |
| Masur (Lentil) | 26,780 | 27,131 | 1,013 | 956 | +111% |
| Mustard (Rapeseed) | 25,877 | 20,623 | 797 | 1,322 | +140% |
| Sesame (Til) | 19,263 | 16,155 | 839 | 620 | -21% |
| Arhar (Tur/Pigeon Pea) | 6,026 | 5,300 | 880 | 837 | -7% |
| Moong (Green Gram) | 4,117 | 2,378 | 578 | 1,152 | +65% |
| Jowar (Sorghum) | 2,528 | 4,829 | 1,910 | 2,033 | -32% |
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt of India (final estimates), via UPAg. Field crops only - vegetables, fruit and spices are counted separately. Madhya Pradesh average = sum of the state's district estimates.
Climate & Sowing Windows in Panna
Panna receives about 1083 mm of rain in an average year, 89% of it in June-September. The wettest month is July (344 mm). Days are hottest in May (average high 43°C) and nights coolest in January (average low 8°C).
- Rain typically first crosses 100 mm a month in June, the usual cue for kharif sowing here.
- 89% of the year's rain falls in June-September, so rabi and summer crops need assured irrigation.
- Winter nights average about 8°C, cool enough for rabi crops such as wheat, mustard, gram and potato.
- March days already average 34°C, so late-sown wheat risks heat stress at grain filling. Sowing by mid-November is safer.
- May days average 43°C, so summer (zaid) crops and young orchards need frequent irrigation and mulching.
| Month | Rain (mm) | Avg high | Avg low |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 16 | 24° | 8° |
| February | 20 | 28° | 12° |
| March | 14 | 34° | 17° |
| April | 9 | 40° | 24° |
| May | 17 | 43° | 28° |
| June | 136 | 39° | 28° |
| July | 344 | 32° | 25° |
| August | 311 | 30° | 24° |
| September | 173 | 30° | 23° |
| October | 31 | 30° | 18° |
| November | 6 | 27° | 13° |
| December | 6 | 24° | 9° |
Source: NASA POWER long-term monthly averages (satellite and model based, so they can understate rain on coasts and hills) for the centre of Panna district (24.4499, 80.1463). These are normals, not a forecast for any one year; for this week see the farm weather forecast.
For Panna Farmers: Solar Pumps & Tractors
Districts Near Panna
Before you sell, compare mandis in neighbouring districts too (straight-line distance between district centres):
- Chhatarpur - 59 km
- Satna - 69 km
- Katni - 82 km
- Maihar - 94 km
- Damoh - 95 km
- Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh - 111 km
Land records and Farmer ID in Madhya Pradesh
Government Schemes for Panna Farmers
Farmers in Panna are eligible for PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, Kisan Credit Card, Soil Health Card Scheme, PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, eNAM - National Agriculture Market and more. For Panna's soybean growers, crop insurance and the soil health card matter most for the black-soil crops here. Apply at the Panna district agriculture office, a CSC, or online via the Subsidy Finder.