How do I prevent Ranikhet (Newcastle) and Gumboro in my poultry?

Ranikhet disease (Newcastle disease) and Gumboro (infectious bursal disease) are major viral killers in poultry and the main protection is timely vaccination plus strict biosecurity. Both have well established vaccination programmes that begin in the first weeks of a chick's life with boosters, but the exact schedule, vaccine type and route should be taken from your hatchery and veterinarian, since it depends on the disease pressure in your area and bird type. Beyond vaccines, control who and what enters your farm: limit visitors, disinfect footwear and equipment, keep wild birds and rodents out, and do not bring in birds from unknown sources without quarantine. Remove dead birds promptly and clean and rest the shed between batches. If you see sudden deaths, twisted necks, greenish droppings or breathing distress, contact a vet immediately.