How do I control aphids and wilt in safflower (kusum)?

Safflower aphid is the most damaging pest of kusum, building up heavily on the growing tips and flower heads in the cool season and badly cutting seed yield if not checked, so scout from the bud stage, encourage natural enemies, and spray a recommended insecticide following the label only when the aphid builds up. Patchwise wilting points to fusarium wilt, which builds with repeated cropping, managed by tolerant varieties, crop rotation and seed treatment with a bio agent. Avoid waterlogging, which worsens both root disease and aphid stress. Sow on time, as late crops suffer more aphid pressure. Take samples to your KVK to confirm and get the current recommended spray for safflower aphid in your area.