Heard sulphur increases oil in mustard. Want to know how much and when to give it.
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Sulphur is very important for mustard because it directly affects oil synthesis, and sulphur-deficient crops give lower yield and lower oil percentage with pale upper leaves. A common practice is to apply sulphur through gypsum or single super phosphate or elemental sulphur as a basal dose at sowing, with typical rates in the range of around 20 to 40 kg of sulphur per hectare depending on the soil test. Mustard responds strongly on sulphur-deficient sandy soils. The exact dose should come from your Soil Health Card and KVK, since over- or under-application both reduce the benefit.
Since I started adding gypsum for sulphur at sowing, my mustard looks greener and the oil mill people say my recovery is better.
The pale upper leaves are the warning sign on my sandy Alwar plot, that is sulphur shortage showing on the new growth, and the years I caught it and corrected with gypsum the oil recovery held up. Do not confuse it with nitrogen shortage which yellows the old lower leaves first.
I prefer single super phosphate as my phosphorus source because it gives me phosphorus and sulphur together, which suits mustard well. On my sandy soil the response was clear compared to using DAP alone, which has no sulphur. Match the source to what your soil test shows you are short of.
Get a soil test before fixing the amount, because over-doing sulphur is a waste and under-doing it costs you oil. Mine needed it badly on the sandy patch but much less on the heavier field. The Soil Health Card reading kept me from guessing and saved money on the better land.
Apply the sulphur as a basal dose at or before sowing, mixed into the soil, rather than late. I once tried to make up for skipped sulphur with a late top-dress and it did not help much, the crop needed it from early growth through pod fill. Plan it into the basal fertiliser from the start.