What spacing and how many walnut (akhrot) trees per acre for an orchard?

Walnut trees grow large, so traditional spacing is wide, often around 8 to 10 metres each way, giving a relatively low number of trees per acre, roughly in the range of 16 to 25 trees per acre at wide spacing. Some growers use closer high density spacing with suitable varieties and training to get earlier and higher early yields, but this needs more pruning and management and possible later thinning. Choose spacing based on your variety vigour, slope and how intensively you will manage. Since walnut takes years to fill the space, intercrop in the early years. Confirm the recommended spacing and any high density system for your variety and altitude with SKUAST or the temperate horticulture research station before laying out the orchard.