Agriculture in Gumla District: Eastern Plateau and Hills
Jharkhand falls mainly in the Eastern Plateau and Hills agro-climatic zone (hot subhumid, 1000-1600mm of rain a year across the zone), where undulating tribal plateau with mostly rain-fed farming is typical. Soils in this zone are mostly red, yellow and lateritic soil. Crops commonly grown across the zone include Rice (Paddy), Ragi (Finger Millet), Maize (Corn), pulses, oilseeds, Niger Seed, Sesame (Til).
These are zone-level facts (ICAR / Planning Commission agro-climatic classification), not a crop census of Gumla itself. Gumla's own month-by-month rainfall and temperatures are in the climate section.
Crop Calendar for the Eastern Plateau and Hills
| Crop | Season & Window | All-India rate (3 October 2026) |
|---|---|---|
| 🍚 Rice (Paddy) | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Oct-Nov) | ₹3,680/qtl |
| 🌾 Ragi (Finger Millet) | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Oct-Nov) | ₹2,776/qtl |
| 🌽 Maize (Corn) | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Sep-Oct) | ₹2,299/qtl |
| pulses | Local seasonal crop | - |
| oilseeds | Local seasonal crop | - |
| 🌾 Niger Seed | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Oct-Nov) | ₹7,610/qtl |
| ⚪ Sesame (Til) | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Sep-Oct) | ₹11,980/qtl |
Soil, Water & Irrigation
Drip and sprinkler subsidies (45-90%) and a solar pump cut water and power costs. Because soils vary field to field inside a zone, a free soil health card is the only reliable guide to what your own plot needs.
What Gumla Actually Grows: Official Crop Statistics
In 2024-25, Gumla's largest crops by area were Rice (Paddy), Mustard (Rapeseed), Arhar (Tur/Pigeon Pea). Rice (Paddy) alone covered 1,60,240 ha (63% of the area under the crops listed below), with a yield of 2,250 kg/ha, 19% above the Jharkhand average. The biggest shifts since 2019-20: Masur (Lentil) area +143%, Moong (Green Gram) area +95%.
| Crop | Area (ha) | Production (tonnes) | Yield (kg/ha) | Jharkhand avg yield | Area change since 2019-20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice (Paddy) | 1,60,240 | 3,60,571 | 2,250 | 1,894 | -5% |
| Mustard (Rapeseed) | 20,192 | 41,690 | 2,065 | 883 | +38% |
| Arhar (Tur/Pigeon Pea) | 13,878 | 19,013 | 1,370 | 1,177 | +56% |
| Gram (Chana) | 11,723 | 11,960 | 1,020 | 1,173 | +65% |
| Wheat | 9,970 | 32,784 | 3,288 | 2,201 | +9% |
| Ragi (Finger Millet) | 9,373 | 13,033 | 1,390 | 1,106 | +461% |
| Urad (Black Gram) | 7,662 | 8,486 | 1,107 | 879 | -39% |
| Maize (Corn) | 7,609 | 23,294 | 3,061 | 2,418 | 0% |
| Groundnut | 4,363 | 6,311 | 1,447 | 1,219 | -35% |
| Moong (Green Gram) | 3,502 | 3,188 | 910 | 834 | +95% |
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt of India (final estimates), via UPAg. Field crops only - vegetables, fruit and spices are counted separately. Jharkhand average = sum of the state's district estimates.
Climate & Sowing Windows in Gumla
Gumla receives about 1369 mm of rain in an average year, 84% of it in June-September. The wettest month is July (369 mm). Days are hottest in May (average high 39°C) and nights coolest in January (average low 8°C).
- Rain typically first crosses 100 mm a month in June, the usual cue for kharif sowing here.
- 84% of the year's rain falls in June-September, so rabi and summer crops need assured irrigation.
- Winter nights average about 8°C, cool enough for rabi crops such as wheat, mustard, gram and potato.
| Month | Rain (mm) | Avg high | Avg low |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 14 | 23° | 8° |
| February | 17 | 27° | 11° |
| March | 23 | 32° | 16° |
| April | 24 | 38° | 22° |
| May | 49 | 39° | 24° |
| June | 209 | 34° | 24° |
| July | 369 | 29° | 23° |
| August | 339 | 28° | 22° |
| September | 228 | 28° | 21° |
| October | 81 | 26° | 18° |
| November | 7 | 24° | 13° |
| December | 9 | 22° | 9° |
Source: NASA POWER long-term monthly averages (satellite and model based, so they can understate rain on coasts and hills) for the centre of Gumla district (23.1604, 84.46). These are normals, not a forecast for any one year; for this week see the farm weather forecast.
For Gumla Farmers: Solar Pumps & Tractors
Districts Near Gumla
Before you sell, compare mandis in neighbouring districts too (straight-line distance between district centres):
- Lohardaga - 43 km
- Latehar - 59 km
- Simdega - 64 km
- Jashpur, Chhattisgarh - 66 km
- Khunti - 88 km
- Ranchi - 95 km
Land records and Farmer ID in Jharkhand
Government Schemes for Gumla Farmers
Farmers in Gumla are eligible for PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, Kisan Credit Card, Soil Health Card Scheme, PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, eNAM - National Agriculture Market and more. For Gumla's rice growers, crop insurance, KCC and irrigation subsidies are the priority. Apply at the Gumla district agriculture office, a CSC, or online via the Subsidy Finder.