Agriculture in Bongaigaon District: Eastern Himalayan Region
Assam falls mainly in the Eastern Himalayan Region agro-climatic zone (humid subtropical to alpine, 2000-4000mm of rain a year across the zone), where high-rainfall terraced and shifting cultivation with plantation crops is typical. Soils in this zone are mostly acidic red and lateritic hill soils. Crops commonly grown across the zone include Rice (Paddy), Maize (Corn), Potato, Ginger, large cardamom, Tea (Green Leaf), oranges, Pineapple.
These are zone-level facts (ICAR / Planning Commission agro-climatic classification), not a crop census of Bongaigaon itself. Bongaigaon's own month-by-month rainfall and temperatures are in the climate section.
Crop Calendar for the Eastern Himalayan Region
| Crop | Season & Window | All-India rate (16 October 2026) |
|---|---|---|
| 🍚 Rice (Paddy) | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Oct-Nov) | ₹3,750/qtl |
| 🌽 Maize (Corn) | Kharif (Sow: Jun-Jul, Harvest: Sep-Oct) | ₹2,350/qtl |
| 🥔 Potato | Rabi (Sow: Oct-Nov, Harvest: Jan-Mar) | ₹1,100/qtl |
| 🫚 Ginger | Plant: Mar-May, Harvest: Dec-Feb | ₹6,000/qtl |
| large cardamom | Local seasonal crop | - |
| 🍵 Tea (Green Leaf) | Mar-Nov | ₹5,000/qtl |
| oranges | Local seasonal crop | - |
| 🍍 Pineapple | Year-round (peak arrivals: Mar-Jun) | ₹5,000/qtl |
Soil, Water & Irrigation
Drip and sprinkler subsidies (45-90%) and a solar pump cut water and power costs. Because soils vary field to field inside a zone, a free soil health card is the only reliable guide to what your own plot needs.
What Bongaigaon Actually Grows: Official Crop Statistics
In 2024-25, Bongaigaon's largest crops by area were Rice (Paddy), Mustard (Rapeseed), Maize (Corn). Rice (Paddy) alone covered 53,871 ha (72% of the area under the crops listed below), with a yield of 2,850 kg/ha, 28% above the Assam average. The biggest shifts since 2019-20: Maize (Corn) area +131%, Urad (Black Gram) area +76%.
| Crop | Area (ha) | Production (tonnes) | Yield (kg/ha) | Assam avg yield | Area change since 2019-20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice (Paddy) | 53,871 | 1,53,532 | 2,850 | 2,224 | -2% |
| Mustard (Rapeseed) | 5,570 | 5,134 | 922 | 788 | -22% |
| Maize (Corn) | 4,166 | 20,848 | 5,004 | 4,744 | +131% |
| Urad (Black Gram) | 4,029 | 2,377 | 590 | 675 | +76% |
| Jute | 2,075 | 20,585 | 1,786 | 12,137 | +4% |
| Masur (Lentil) | 1,447 | 942 | 651 | 840 | +11% |
| Moong (Green Gram) | 1,129 | 622 | 551 | 829 | +185% |
| Sesame (Til) | 532 | 254 | 478 | 695 | +86% |
| Arhar (Tur/Pigeon Pea) | 378 | 315 | 833 | 859 | +139% |
| Niger Seed | 277 | 101 | 363 | 580 | +41% |
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt of India (final estimates), via UPAg. Field crops only - vegetables, fruit and spices are counted separately. Assam average = sum of the state's district estimates.
Climate & Sowing Windows in Bongaigaon
Bongaigaon receives about 2098 mm of rain in an average year, 64% of it in June-September. The wettest month is July (401 mm). Days are hottest in June (average high 32°C) and nights coolest in January (average low 11°C).
- Rain typically first crosses 100 mm a month in May, the usual cue for kharif sowing here.
- At about 2098 mm a year, water is plentiful in season; field drainage matters as much as irrigation, and paddy and plantation crops suit the climate.
| Month | Rain (mm) | Avg high | Avg low |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 6 | 21° | 11° |
| February | 18 | 24° | 13° |
| March | 49 | 29° | 17° |
| April | 219 | 31° | 21° |
| May | 299 | 32° | 24° |
| June | 381 | 32° | 26° |
| July | 401 | 32° | 26° |
| August | 306 | 32° | 26° |
| September | 262 | 31° | 25° |
| October | 144 | 29° | 21° |
| November | 9 | 25° | 17° |
| December | 4 | 22° | 12° |
Source: NASA POWER long-term monthly averages (satellite and model based, so they can understate rain on coasts and hills) for the centre of Bongaigaon district (26.3489, 90.6291). These are normals, not a forecast for any one year; for this week see the farm weather forecast.
For Bongaigaon Farmers: Solar Pumps & Tractors
Districts Near Bongaigaon
Before you sell, compare mandis in neighbouring districts too (straight-line distance between district centres):
Land records and Farmer ID in Assam
Government Schemes for Bongaigaon Farmers
Farmers in Bongaigaon are eligible for PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, Kisan Credit Card, Soil Health Card Scheme, PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, eNAM - National Agriculture Market and more. For Bongaigaon's rice growers, crop insurance, KCC and irrigation subsidies are the priority. Apply at the Bongaigaon district agriculture office, a CSC, or online via the Subsidy Finder.