Capital cost reality for recirculating aquaculture systems.
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RAS is the most capital heavy and technical option in fish farming, so go in with caution. A recirculating aquaculture system uses tanks plus mechanical and biological filters, a sump, pumps, oxygen or aeration, and often a degasser and UV unit to clean and reuse the same water. A small commercial RAS unit commonly runs into many lakhs of rupees, and a medium unit can cross tens of lakhs depending on tank number, automation and building. These figures vary widely by design and supplier, so do not treat any single quote as fixed. The system depends on continuous power, so a generator backup is essential, since a pump failure for even an hour can kill a dense stock. This is not a beginner project. Get a detailed design and cost verified by your state Fisheries department or a reputable RAS consultant and visit a working unit before investing.
We costed a RAS unit and the filtration and oxygen system was far more expensive than the tanks. Add power backup and skilled labour and the budget grew fast. Visit a running farm before you commit.
Add the cost of skilled labour and your own time monitoring it day and night. We underestimated the running cost completely in our first plan. Get a proper project report made before you borrow.