I dug a new fish pond. Before I put in fingerlings, what steps of pond preparation should I follow?
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Good pond preparation builds natural fish food and removes threats before stocking. First drain or dry the pond if possible and remove aquatic weeds and any unwanted or predatory fish, since they compete with and eat your fingerlings. Apply lime to correct soil and water and to reduce harmful organisms, then after a few days add organic manure or fertiliser to grow the natural plankton that young fish feed on. Let the water turn a healthy greenish colour, showing plankton has developed, before stocking. Stock healthy fingerlings of uniform size, preferably in the cooler part of the day, and acclimatise them slowly to the pond water temperature. Take exact lime and manure rates from your state fisheries department, as they depend on your soil and water.
Clearing out the unwanted and predatory fish first is vital, otherwise they eat your fingerlings as fast as you stock them. Drying the pond bed in the sun before refilling helped me get rid of them and the pests. Do not rush this step.
Waiting for the water to turn that healthy green before stocking made a real difference to my fingerlings, that green is the natural food they start on. I stocked too early one time into clear water and growth was slow at the start. Patience at this stage pays off.
Acclimatise the fingerlings slowly when they arrive, do not just tip them in. I float the bag in the pond for a while so the temperature evens out, then release them gently in the cool of the morning. Doing this reduced the early deaths I used to get after stocking.