How do I control fruit fly and downy mildew in ridge gourd (turai)?

Maggots inside the fruit are from fruit fly, the main pest of all gourds, where the female lays eggs in young fruit. Manage it with cucurbit fruit fly pheromone traps, removing and destroying infested and fallen fruit so the cycle breaks, and bagging young fruits on small plots. Yellow to brown angular patches on the upper leaf surface with greyish growth underneath are downy mildew, which spreads in humid weather and worse in dense crowded vines, so train on a trellis for air flow, avoid evening overhead watering, and apply a recommended fungicide following the label if pressure is high. Since fruit is picked often, respect the pre harvest interval. Confirm the diagnosis and current recommendations with your KVK.