What is breeder seed and do ordinary farmers ever need to buy it?

Breeder seed is the first and purest class in the whole seed chain. It is produced directly under the supervision of the plant breeder or the research institute or agriculture university that developed the variety, and it carries a golden or yellow tag. Its job is to be the genetic source from which foundation seed, and then certified seed, are multiplied; it is produced in very small quantities and is tightly controlled for purity. Ordinary farmers growing a normal grain or vegetable crop do not need to buy breeder seed and usually cannot, because it is meant for the official seed multiplication chain (institutes, seed corporations and registered seed growers). For your field you should buy certified (blue tag) seed, or good truthful label seed. You would only deal with breeder or foundation seed if you joined a formal seed production programme. If you ever plan to become a seed grower, the route to get foundation seed (multiplied from breeder seed) is through your State Seed Corporation, agriculture university or KVK, so confirm the procedure with them.