Thinking of starting a small pig farm for meat. Which breed, what feed, and what housing do pigs need?
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Pig farming gives fast returns because pigs grow quickly and have large litters, and there is strong demand for pork in the North East. Improved breeds and crosses such as Hampshire, Yorkshire, Duroc and their crosses with local pigs grow faster than pure local pigs, while crossbreds often balance growth with hardiness. Pigs are not vegetarian feeders only; they do well on balanced rations including grains, brans, oil cakes and kitchen and vegetable waste, with clean water always available, and commercial pig feed is available for fast growth. Provide a clean, well drained concrete floor pen with shade, a wallow or cooling in heat, and separate pens for sows, weaners and fatteners. Follow your veterinarian for vaccination and deworming, and source breeding stock from a reliable farm.
Crossbred pigs grew much faster for me than local ones, and using kitchen and vegetable waste with some concentrate kept feed cost down. A clean, well drained pen really cuts disease.
A well drained concrete floor that you can wash easily was the best thing I did. Pigs on muddy wet ground get sick and the smell is terrible. Mine stay cleaner and healthier on a sloped washable floor, and a shaded spot to cool off in the heat keeps them eating well.
Buy your breeding stock from a known healthy farm, not just the cheapest you can find, because a weak or sickly start drags on for months. I keep separate pens for the sow with piglets and for the growers, and follow my vet for deworming and vaccination. The feed waste from kitchens and vegetable markets here keeps my cost low.
Watch the piglets closely around farrowing, that is where I lost the most. A warm dry corner for the newborn piglets so they do not get chilled or crushed by the sow, and making sure they get the first milk, cut my piglet deaths a lot. The growing pigs are easy, it is the first weeks of the piglets that decide your profit.