Sandy soil low water retention, organic matter, clay tank silt, mulching, frequent light irrigation.
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Sandy soil drains fast and holds little water and nutrients, and the most effective low cost fix is building organic matter, which acts like a sponge. Add FYM, compost, and vermicompost regularly, grow and incorporate green manures like dhaincha or sunhemp, and return crop residue as mulch instead of burning. Spreading good tank silt or pond clay onto sandy fields, where available, also raises the clay fraction and retention. Keep the surface mulched to cut evaporation, and irrigate little and often through drip rather than heavy floods that drain away. Improvement is gradual over several seasons as organic carbon rises. Track it through your Soil Health Card and adjust inputs with your KVK; do not over apply.
Our sandy patch near Jodhpur changed after years of FYM and dhaincha. It now holds an extra irrigation worth of moisture. Mulch made a big difference too.
If there is a pond or tank being desilted anywhere near you, grab that silt clay and spread it on the sandy field. We carted tank silt onto ours and mixed it in, and along with regular dung it slowly stopped behaving like pure sand. It is cheap if the silt is local.
On sand, watering little and often beats one big flood. A heavy irrigation just drains straight past the roots on my land. After I switched to drip with shorter, frequent runs the crop stayed evenly moist and I actually used less water overall. Mulch on top keeps it from drying out fast.
Carting in tank silt when a nearby pond was being desilted changed my pure sand over a few seasons. The extra clay plus regular dung slowly stopped it draining away in minutes. If the silt is local it is cheap, just the transport.
On sand, water little and often through drip beats one big flood that drains past the roots. After I switched to short frequent runs with mulch on top the crop stayed evenly moist and I used less water overall. Heavy floods just feed the subsoil here.