What is the difference between NHB subsidy and MIDH subsidy for horticulture?

They are two different routes and farmers often mix them up. MIDH is implemented through your State Horticulture Department for a wide range of farmers, including small and medium ones, and it works on cost norms with a subsidy share, usually for smaller and medium sized projects, area expansion, protected cultivation and post harvest units. The National Horticulture Board (NHB) runs its own separate schemes that are generally aimed at larger commercial projects, for example bigger commercial orchards above a minimum area, large protected cultivation, and large cold storage and post harvest projects, and NHB assistance is typically credit linked back ended subsidy, meaning you take a bank loan, complete the project, it is inspected, and then the subsidy is adjusted against your loan. The simple rule of thumb: for small to medium projects go through the State Horticulture Department under MIDH, and for large commercial projects with a bank loan look at NHB. You cannot usually take subsidy for the same component from both. Confirm the current eligibility, minimum project size and subsidy pattern for each on your state horticulture portal and on the NHB website before deciding which route fits your project.